水利水电工程出现渗漏的原因及解决策略

1.管道渗水。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)铺(pu)设是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)过程中的(de)基(ji)础和常见工(gong)(gong)作，其中管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)材料(liao)与(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程渗(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)问题密切相关。钢管(guan)(guan)(guan)和塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中常见的(de)两(liang)种材料(liao)：塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)抗(kang)老化(hua)性弱，长(zhang)期渗(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)；钢管(guan)(guan)(guan)焊接不合格，水(shui)(shui)(shui)本身本身腐蚀(shi)金属，长(zhang)期使用。同时(shi)，由(you)于连接不合格，管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)之间也(ye)会出现渗(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)现象(xiang)。此(ci)外，如(ru)果(guo)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人员(yuan)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)铺(pu)设前没有预留管(guan)(guan)(guan)孔，也(ye)会增加泄漏问题的(de)可能性。

2.施工裂缝问题。

水利(li)水电工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是大型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)周期(qi)(qi)长(zhang)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)量大，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)范围大。为了缩短施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)周期(qi)(qi)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)队将(jiang)同时(shi)划分水利(li)水电工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)单元，但这种(zhong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法不(bu)可避免(mian)地会有施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)间隙，容(rong)易造成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)泄(xie)漏问(wen)(wen)题(ti)(ti)。如果(guo)板(ban)块(kuai)牢固(gu)性不(bu)达标(biao)，会导致浆液运行问(wen)(wen)题(ti)(ti)，形成蜂窝麻面(mian)，也(ye)会演(yan)变成泄(xie)漏现象。水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)条件比一(yi)般施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)更困难，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)过程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中应考虑地质、水文、气(qi)象等因素(su)(su)。受自然(ran)因素(su)(su)和(he)人为因素(su)(su)的(de)(de)影(ying)响，水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)更容(rong)易出现问(wen)(wen)题(ti)(ti)，裂(lie)缝(feng)的(de)(de)概(gai)率相对(dui)较高。裂(lie)缝(feng)的(de)(de)产生是由于施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)业(ye)分为单元，但单元连接不(bu)合(he)格。此外，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)模板(ban)支撑的(de)(de)低密(mi)度也(ye)是一(yi)个(ge)诱发(fa)因素(su)(su)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)裂(lie)缝(feng)容(rong)易引起(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)渗水问(wen)(wen)题(ti)(ti)，进而影(ying)响施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)质量。

3.结构渗水问题。

结构渗(shen)(shen)水(shui)问(wen)题(ti)(ti)有(you)两(liang)种常见(jian)形式：渗(shen)(shen)水(shui)和(he)大(da)面(mian)积(ji)(ji)渗(shen)(shen)水(shui)。局部(bu)结构孔是(shi)点渗(shen)(shen)水(shui)问(wen)题(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)原因。一般(ban)来说(shuo)，点渗(shen)(shen)水(shui)的(de)(de)影响范围小，损失小，处(chu)理相(xiang)对(dui)简单(dan)，基(ji)本不(bu)影响工(gong)程(cheng)质量。相(xiang)比之下，大(da)面(mian)积(ji)(ji)渗(shen)(shen)水(shui)会在很大(da)程(cheng)度上影响工(gong)程(cheng)质量，造(zao)成巨大(da)损失，必须引起重视(shi)，及时采(cai)取(qu)解决(jue)方案，努(nu)力减少大(da)面(mian)积(ji)(ji)渗(shen)(shen)水(shui)的(de)(de)危害(hai)。造(zao)成大(da)面(mian)积(ji)(ji)渗(shen)(shen)水(shui)的(de)(de)原因有(you)很多，如(ru)混(hun)凝土(tu)浇(jiao)筑过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中搅(jiao)拌不(bu)均匀，强度不(bu)达标，导致内部(bu)间(jian)隙过(guo)(guo)大(da)，麻(ma)面(mian)，投入工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)会造(zao)成大(da)面(mian)积(ji)(ji)渗(shen)(shen)水(shui)问(wen)题(ti)(ti)。此外，水(shui)利工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)施工(gong)现场大(da)多是(shi)水(shui)源(yuan)较多的(de)(de)地方，施工(gong)阶段也(ye)会带水(shui)施工(gong)，经常出现基(ji)面(mian)积(ji)(ji)水(shui)问(wen)题(ti)(ti)。如(ru)果不(bu)及时排除积(ji)(ji)水(shui)，也(ye)会造(zao)成大(da)面(mian)积(ji)(ji)渗(shen)(shen)水(shui)问(wen)题(ti)(ti)。

4.穿墙管造成渗漏(lou)问题。

由于(yu)环境(jing)因(yin)素或施工需要，水(shui)利水(shui)电(dian)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)施工过程(cheng)将涉及(ji)水(shui)下(xia)作(zuo)业(ye)(ye)内容(rong)，传输(shu)管和水(shui)管应(ying)放置在水(shui)中。一些与建设项(xiang)目主(zhu)体(ti)工程(cheng)相连的(de)(de)管道应(ying)通(tong)过墙(qiang)(qiang)体(ti)。如果(guo)穿(chuan)墙(qiang)(qiang)作(zuo)业(ye)(ye)中焊接不达标(biao)，加(jia)上(shang)水(shui)的(de)(de)侵蚀(shi)，长时间会造成(cheng)渗漏问(wen)题。此外，由于(yu)混凝土浇筑过程(cheng)中操作(zuo)不当，密度较低，增加(jia)了工程(cheng)渗水(shui)的(de)(de)风险(xian)。